Vishwa Shandilya
Delhi continues to grapple with severe air pollution, an annual crisis exacerbated during the winter months due to stubble burning, vehicular emissions, and unfavorable weather conditions. While recent days have seen slight improvements, with the Air Quality Index (AQI) improving to “poor” levels, the situation remains far from ideal.
On December 2, 2024, Delhi’s AQI stood at 273, marking a decline in pollutant concentration compared to the “very poor” and “severe” levels (AQI above 400) that dominated November. Experts attribute this temporary relief to clear skies, dry northwesterly winds, and increased sunlight, which allowed pollutants to disperse. However, an AQI in the “poor” range still poses significant health risks, particularly to sensitive groups such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory or cardiac conditions.
Mitigation Measures in Action
To tackle the recurring pollution crisis, the Delhi government and neighboring states have implemented strict measures under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP). These include a ban on non-essential trucks, restrictions on construction and demolition activities, and the imposition of fines on vehicles without valid Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificates. As of December, over ₹260 crore in penalties have been collected from violators. Authorities are also promoting electric vehicles and alternative fuels to reduce vehicular emissions in the long term.
Efforts to address agricultural stubble burning, a major contributor to winter smog, have seen limited success. Neighboring states, including Punjab and Haryana, continue to report incidents of crop residue burning, underscoring the need for regional cooperation and policy alignment. Despite subsidies for machines like Happy Seeders and awareness campaigns, implementation gaps persist, exacerbating pollution in the capital.
Long-term Challenges
While immediate measures provide short-term relief, Delhi’s air pollution crisis demands sustainable, long-term strategies. Transitioning to renewable energy, expanding public transport networks, and stricter enforcement of industrial emission standards are critical. Additionally, urban planning that prioritizes green spaces and adopts eco-friendly infrastructure can help mitigate the impact of pollution over time.
Public participation and behavioral changes, such as reducing the use of private vehicles and supporting eco-friendly initiatives, are equally crucial. Awareness campaigns must emphasize the health risks associated with prolonged exposure to poor air quality and encourage collective action.
Health Impacts and Recommendations
The persistent pollution levels continue to affect public health, leading to increased cases of respiratory ailments, cardiovascular issues, and long-term complications such as reduced lung function. Vulnerable groups are advised to avoid outdoor activities during high-pollution hours and use air purifiers indoors. Masks equipped with particulate filters can also provide protection against harmful pollutants.
Conclusion
Delhi’s air pollution crisis reflects the broader challenges of urbanization and industrialization in India. While steps are being taken to address the problem, the capital’s residents remain vulnerable to its adverse effects. A combination of stricter enforcement, regional collaboration, and sustainable urban planning is essential to ensure cleaner air for future generations. Only through a collective effort can Delhi hope to breathe easier in the years to come.
